NASA Space Flight is reporting that Boeing made a presentation at the latest Global Exploration Workshop of a plan to return Americans to the moon by 2022, 50 years after the last astronauts walked on the moon.
The Boeing plan, which uses a "way station" located at the L1 point where the gravities of the Earth and moon cancel one another out as well as a reusable lunar lander is the first detailed approach to a return to the moon.
What would the way station look like?
The way station would be constructed at the International Space Station, using the remote manipulator arm. It would consist of a "Node4/DHS (Docking Hub System), an orbiter external air lock, a MPLM (Multi-Purpose Logistics Module) habitat module, and an international module." The various modules would be launched to the ISS with commercial rockets such as the Atlas V. Once assembled, a "space tug" would convey the way station to the L1 point.
How would the reusable lunar lander work?
A Space Launch System Heavy Lift launcher would deliver a fuel depot to the way station. Then a second SLS would deliver an Orion Multi Purpose Crew Vehicle and a reusable lunar lander. The lunar lander would take on fuel at the depot and then proceed on to the moon with the crew delivered by the Orion. The crew would conduct lunar surface operations, then return to the way station, transfer to the Orion, and return to Earth. Commercial launchers would top off the fuel depot as needed for subsequent lunar missions.
There is also a secondary plan that involves deploying the reusable lunar lander at the way station while it is built at the ISS. The SLS would launch an Orion MPCV and a Delta Cryogenic Second Stage (DCSS) to the way station. The DCSS would transfer fuel to the lander and then would boost it to the moon. As in the first scenario, the crew conducts lunar surface operations, then returns to the way station, transfers to the Orion, and returns to Earth.
The advantage of the second scenario over the first is that the long term storage of fuel is not necessary. The problem of preventing "boil off" of cryogenic fuel is one that would have to be solved before long term, space based depots become practicable.
What are the advantages of the Boeing plan?
Billions of dollars would be saved with a reusable lunar and one launch of an SLS per lunar mission. The way station could also be used as a base for running tele-operated robots on the lunar surface and deploying lunar surface infrastructure such as habitats.
What are some show stoppers?
The official plan, as articulated by President Obama, is still to bypass the moon and go to an Earth approaching asteroid. Also some analysts, such as Clark Lindsey, claim that there will be no money available for a way station and a reusable lunar lander and a heavy lift Space Launch System. But Lindsey's prediction of what the fiscal and political situation of 2018-2022 when this hardware would be developed and deployed remains idle conjecture, projecting the current situation into the future without changes that might be brought about by an election of a new administration.
Mark R. Whittington is the author of Children of Apollo and The Last Moonwalker . He has written on space subjects for a variety of periodicals, including The Houston Chronicle, The Washington Post, USA Today, the LA Times, and The Weekly Standard.
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